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Journal for Studies in Management and Planning

Available at

http://edupediapublications.org/journals/index.php/JSMaP/

ISSN: 2395-0463

Volume 03 Issue 12

November 2017

Available online: http://edupediapublications.org/journals/index.php/JSMaP/ P a g e | 358

A Critical Review of Pakistan Lower Punjab Education compare

with upper Punjab:

Hani Fatima 1 Aleen Fatima2

Ghana Nasir3

Department of Economics, Women Fatima Jinnah University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan1

Department of Fine Art, Women Fatima Jinnah University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan2, 3

Abstract:

This study examines gender differences in primary school enrolment in Punjab (Pakistan)

districts. This study takes two data from 34 districts of Punjab as the research object. It is found

that there are wide differences in primary school education. Enrollment rates in various districts

of Punjab. The primary school enrollment rate in the lower areas is very different. A comparison

between Punjab and Punjab in the upper and middle regions. The net enrollment rate of primary

schools in different districts is quite different Punjab is negatively related to the number of

schools, the number of teachers, the literacy rate of adult males and the number of adult females.

Literacy is positively related to per capita income and poverty.

KEYWORDS: Primary School, Education,

INTRODUCTION:

Education is very important for improving

people's ability and realizing the expected

goals of social economy. Development。

Education enables individuals to broaden

their horizons and opportunities and have

voice in public decision-making. On the

macro level, education means the

sustainable development of human capital

and economic productivity. Skilled labor

force. At the micro level, education is

closely related to higher income

opportunities and higher incomes. Have

great experience。 In Pakistan, education

has suffered from a number of problems,

including underinvestment and failure

Implementation of the five year plan, lack of

goals and policy direction. Since

independence, the number of people in

Pakistan has increased. Primary school

eighteen times, enrollment expansion

sixteen times. But these results have been

defeated by the growing population. Lack of

high quality education (HDR

(1998)).Achieving economic growth is an

important goal for any economy. However,

in recent years, people have realized that

Economic growth is a necessary condition

for human development, but not a sufficient

condition. Pakistan is a good example.

Historically, countries enjoying a

Page 2 of 8

Journal for Studies in Management and Planning

Available at

http://edupediapublications.org/journals/index.php/JSMaP/

ISSN: 2395-0463

Volume 03 Issue 12

November 2017

Available online: http://edupediapublications.org/journals/index.php/JSMaP/ P a g e | 359

satisfactory GDP growth rate have failed to

translate this positive development into a

positive one the level of human development

is satisfactory. Since 1947 independence,

Pakistan's development policy has attracted

much attention. The main task is to achieve

high economic growth, but only

occasionally provide social necessities.

There has been a production and distribution

structure that can only indirectly respond to

social goals.

LITERATURE REVIEW:

Sabir (2002) explores the fact that income

actually benefits from government subsidies

.How is the distribution of services between

men and women in Pakistan?. Benefit

correlation analysis Technology is used to

assess gender differences in public service

provision. Using secondary data and based

on estimation. Pakistan comprehensive

household survey (pregnancy induced

hypertension) and provincial subsidies for

1999-2000 years demand 1998-99. Research

shows In all four provinces of Pakistan, the

government has low subsidies for primary

education, while women do. The

disadvantage of getting primary education.

The government subsidies for higher

education lack of pertinence.The poorest

income groups have less income than the

wealth income groups, and they are good for

those who live well. Again, this Gender

differences in public subsidies are higher at

higher education levels and lowest at the

primary level, which also reflects poverty.

Khan (1997) shows that the return of

primary education investment is higher than

that of any investment. Physical capital is

agriculture, industry, or infrastructure.

Therefore, investment should be made

strictly in accordance with economic

standards .The rate of return to primary

education should be the top priority in the

Pakistan development plan. Sawada and

locksbin (2001) analyzed the decision of

family education in rural Pakistan. A field

survey of rural family education decisions in

Pakistan. This study suggests hiring more

Female teachers and the provision of more

primary schools for girls close to the village

will increase the chances of girls in rural

Pakistan Admission and enrollment.

Intra-Provincial Educational

inequality in Punjab:

Data from the PSLM analysis (2004-05)

show that the reform program of the

education sector in Punjab has made a

contribution Significant increase in gross

enrollment rate and net enrollment rate,

which is the main focus and direct focus of

these work Reform. Lessons learned from

this project show that if financial constraints

can be eased, appropriate physics will be

available. It can provide infrastructure and

employ high-quality teachers to speed up the

development. Efforts to improve educational

opportunities and educational outcomes in

Pakistan. The reform program of the

education sector in Punjab (pesrp) has

undoubtedly increased net primary

enrolment as well.The total enrolment rate

of primary schools in Punjab remains the

same, but the gap between net primary

enrolment and primary school enrolment

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Journal for Studies in Management and Planning

Available at

http://edupediapublications.org/journals/index.php/JSMaP/

ISSN: 2395-0463

Volume 03 Issue 12

November 2017

Available online: http://edupediapublications.org/journals/index.php/JSMaP/ P a g e | 360

still exists.Punjab district. These differences

have had a serious impact on the initial

enrollment of all districts in Punjab.

Gender Disparities in Education in

Pakistan:

Gender based differences also continue to

access strategies using EFA. Female sex the

enrollment rate is lower than the male, and

the dropout rate is very high, (World Bank

2002).These gender differences are not only

due to inadequate supply of educational

facilities, but also due to cultural

factors.Values and norms that make girls

difficult to receive education: religious and

cultural emphasis, for example"Purdah" let

parents not to send girls to school in the

distance. However, it is not normal for

female students to operate in NGOs Schools

and the latest World Bank sponsored grants

show that cultural values are not opposed to

women Education, rather than parents'

demands, makes institutional arrangements

for their cultural requirements: for example,

the establishment of cultural requirements

The school is near his home, protect

women's safety, provide female teachers

respect purdah (World Bank, 2002; Sarwar,

2006).Education in Punjab. Compared with

the upper and middle areas of Punjab, the

downtown area of Punjab is quite different.

METHODOLOGY:

In this study, the secondary data is used for 34

districts of Punjab as follows;

• Net Primary School Enrolment for age 5-9

years

• Adult literacy Rate for Males (15years & older)

• Adult literacy Rate for Females (15years &

older) Source: Pakistan Social and Living

Standards Measurement Survey (PSLM) 2004-

05

• No. of Schools at Primary level

No. of Teachers at Primary level Source:

Academy of Educational Planning &

Management (AEPAM) 2003-04

• Per Capita Income per Month in Pakistani

rupees

Poverty Status (Percentage of people living

below Rs.1000 per month) Source: Planning and

Development Department, Govt. of Punjab.

Econometric Analysis:

I have used a number of variables, such as

the number of primary schools, the number

of primary school teachers, and the average

number of TeachersPer capita monthly

income, poverty status (1000 per month),

adult male literacy rate(15 years and above)

and adult female literacy rates (15 years and

above) are the determinants of net primary

differences .Enrollment in each district of

Punjab. For the sake of economic analysis, I

used the help of OLS (the least squares

method).Computer software SPSS (SOCIAL

SCIENCE statistical software package) to

find the results.

Hypothesis :

The disparity in Net Primary School Enrolment

has negative relationship with number of

schools, number of teachers, male adult literacy