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Abstract
Agriculture is the science and art of cultivating plants and livestock. It was the key development in the rise of sedentary human civilizationby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that enabled people to live in cities.Agriculture began independently in different parts of the globe, and included a diverse range of taxa, in at least 11 separate centres of origin.Wild grains were collected and eaten from at least 105,000 years ago.The majoragricultural products can be broadly grouped into foods, fibres,fuels and raw materials. Food classesinclude cereals, vegetables, fruitsoils,meat, milk, fungiand eggs.