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Abstract

An adverse drug reaction (ADR) has been defined as “any response to a drug which is noxious and unintended, and which occurs at doses normally used in man for the prophylaxis, diagnosis or therapy of a disease, or for the modification of physiological functions [1].” No matter how efficacious the drugs are, it always associated with the risk of ADRs. Drastic changes have been done on modern therapy despites ADRs remain a common drawback with all the medications.


ADRs can be mild to severe, often it can lead disability and even death [2]. In some countries, ADRs rank among the top ten leading causes of death [3].  Adverse drug reaction (ADRs ) increase morbidity, mortality, which in turn increase the health care cost [4,5,6].  Immediate identification, evaluation and monitoring of ADRs are paramount important to minimize harm to patients and thus improves public health.

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